What is ASTM A351 CF8 (304 Stainless Steel) used for in valves?

ASTM A351 Grade CF8 is the industry-standard austenitic stainless steel casting alloy. It features excellent toughness at cryogenic temperatures and robust corrosion resistance. It is widely used in valve bodies for the food and beverage industry and general chemical processing.

What are the benefits of ASTM A351 CF8M (316 Stainless Steel)?

ASTM A351 Grade CF8M contains 2.0-3.0% Molybdenum, which significantly enhances resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, particularly in chloride-rich environments like marine atmospheres. It is the standard choice for durability against reducing acids.

What is the difference between Duplex 2205 and Super Duplex 2507?

Duplex 2205 (Grade 4A) offers double the yield strength of standard stainless steel and good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Super Duplex 2507 (Grade 5A) has higher Chromium, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen, providing a PREN > 40 for maximum resistance in extreme environments like desalination plants and deep-sea platforms.

When should ASTM A216 WCB Carbon Steel be selected?

WCB is the most ubiquitous valve material for general industrial use. It offers a balanced combination of strength and ductility, functioning reliably up to 425°C in steam, water, oil, and gas systems where corrosion is not a primary concern.

Which valve material is best for low-temperature applications?

For low temperatures down to -46°C, ASTM A352 Grade LCB or LCC is recommended. These materials undergo impact testing to ensure ductility in freezing conditions. For even lower temperatures (-59°C), Grade LC1 (Carbon-Moly) is used.

What makes Hastelloy C276 (CW-6M) suitable for severe corrosion?

Hastelloy C276 is considered the 'gold standard' for severe corrosive environments. Its high molybdenum content (15-17%) allows it to withstand wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite, and strong acids where standard stainless steels would fail.

What is 17-4 PH steel used for in valves?

17-4 PH (ASTM A747 CB7Cu-1) is a precipitation-hardened steel used primarily for high-strength valve stems and internal shafts. It offers 3x the yield strength of 316 stainless steel and high hardness to prevent galling at the packing area.

Why use Nickel Aluminum Bronze (C95800) for seawater valves?

Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) forms a protective, self-healing oxide film in salt water. It offers superior resistance to cavitation, erosion, and bio-fouling, making it the standard choice for offshore platforms and desalination plants.

Butterfly Valve Body Material Selection Guide: ASTM & ASME Specs

icon JRVAL

icon Dec 27 2025

In valve material selection guides, ASTM standards are typically used to specify material grades (as these are the standards used by foundries), while ASME standards are used to define pressure-temperature ratings.

Austenitic Stainless Steel

The most widely used valve materials globally, offering excellent toughness, ductility, and general corrosion resistance across a wide temperature range.

General Name	ASTM A351 (ACI Grade)	Type	UNS Cast	UNS Wrought Equiv.	Applications	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
304 Stainless	Grade CF8	19Cr-9Ni	J92600	S30400	General Corrosive Service: Food & beverage processing, architectural trim, containers, and chemical processing not requiring heavy welding	Industry standard for general corrosion; cost-effective; excellent ductility and toughness.	Susceptible to pitting in chloride (salt) environments; lower yield strength than Duplex.
ASTM A351 CF8 (304 Stainless) ASTM A351 Grade CF8 is the industry-standard austenitic stainless steel casting alloy, serving as the cast equivalent to wrought 304 stainless steel. It features an austenitic microstructure that provides excellent toughness at cryogenic temperatures and robust corrosion resistance in oxidizing environments (such as nitric acid). Widely used in valve bodies for the food and beverage industry due to its sanitary properties, CF8 is also the cost-effective baseline for general chemical processing where chloride exposure is low. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.08 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)2 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium18.0 - 21.0 Nickel8.0 - 11.0 Molybdenum0.50 (Max) Copper- IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~19 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength30 ksi [205 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation35% Impact Energy>100 J @ -196°C Hardness~140 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.92 g/cm³ Melting Range1400 - 1450 °C Thermal Cond.16.3 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.72 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus193 GPa Thermal Exp.17.2 x 10^-6/K Max Temp600°C / 800°C (Spl) 304 Heavy-Body Series Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Heavy-Body GOST/DIN \| Petrochemical Industry Standard Robust Construction: Heavy-walled body exceeding HG/T 3704, DIN, and GOST thickness requirements. High-Density Casting: Zero Porosity Guaranteed, free from sand holes and casting defects. Performance-Driven Alloy: Features a robust 9% Nickel composition, specifically chosen to maximize corrosion resistance and ensure long-term reliability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
316 Stainless	Grade CF8M	19Cr-10Ni-2Mo	J92900	S31600	Chloride & Pitting Resistance: Marine environments, pulp & paper manufacturing, textile dyeing, acetic acid processing. Better pitting resistance than 304 due to Molybdenum.	Superior pitting resistance to 304 due to Molybdenum; standard for marine atmospheres.	More expensive than 304; can still suffer stress corrosion cracking (SCC) above 60°C.
ASTM A351 CF8M (316 Stainless) ASTM A351 Grade CF8M is the molybdenum-bearing modification of CF8 and is the cast equivalent of 316 stainless steel. The addition of 2.0-3.0% Molybdenum significantly enhances resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, particularly in chloride-rich environments like brackish water and marine atmospheres. It also offers superior creep strength at elevated temperatures compared to CF8. CF8M is the default "standard" valve body material for most industrial applications requiring durability against reducing acids and chlorides. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.08 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)1.5 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium18.0 - 21.0 Nickel9.0 - 12.0 Molybdenum2.0 - 3.0 Copper- IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~24 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength30 ksi [205 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation30% Impact Energy>100 J @ -196°C Hardness~160 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.98 g/cm³ Melting Range1370 - 1400 °C Thermal Cond.16.2 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.74 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus193 GPa Thermal Exp.16.0 x 10^-6/K Max Temp600°C (Standard) 316 Uni-Fit Series Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Universal Standard Compatibility \| Global Project Application Optimized for Rapid Installation: Lightweight wafer-style body reduces handling effort and labor costs. Universal Flange Compatibility: Integrates with JIS (5K/10K/16K), KS, and other international standards. High-Density Casting: Solid, non-porous structure ensures maximum material strength and durability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
304L Stainless	Grade CF3	19Cr-9Ni (Low Carbon 304)	J92500	S30403	Welded Equipment & Nuclear: Parts requiring welding that cannot be annealed; prevents intergranular corrosion. Chemical tanks, nuclear waste containment.	Immune to carbide precipitation during welding (no intergranular corrosion); excellent cryogenic toughness.	Slightly lower mechanical yield strength compared to standard 304 (CF8).
ASTM A351 CF3 (304L Stainless) ASTM A351 Grade CF3 is the low-carbon variant of CF8 (Carbon limited to 0.03% max). This tight control over carbon content prevents the precipitation of chromium carbides during welding, making the alloy immune to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition. It is the preferred choice for valve bodies that will be welded into piping systems or for applications requiring high purity, such as pharmaceutical loops, where post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) is not feasible. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)2 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium17.0 - 21.0 Nickel8.0 - 12.0 Molybdenum0.50 (Max) Copper- IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~19 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength30 ksi [205 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation35% Impact Energy>100 J @ -196°C Hardness~140 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.92 g/cm³ Melting Range1400 - 1450 °C Thermal Cond.16.3 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.72 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus193 GPa Thermal Exp.17.0 x 10^-6/K Max Temp425°C (Avoid Sens.) 304L CF3 Series Stainless Steel Double Flange Butterfly Valve 304L Stainless CF3 \| Low Pressure & High Flow Capacity Specialized Standards: Strict standards separation ensures dimensional compatibility, eliminating misalignment risks for specialized supply. High-Density Casting: Zero Porosity Guaranteed. Solid non-porous structure ensures superior strength and maximum durability. Precision-Matched Flanges: Flanges customized from pipeline measurements for leak-free sealing; thickness reinforced per standards. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
316L Stainless	Grade CF3M	19Cr-10Ni-2Mo (Low Carbon 316)	J92800	S31603	Welded High-Purity & Marine: Semiconductor high-purity water, heavy-gauge welded marine components, chemical industries requiring max corrosion resistance after welding.	The standard for welded chemical/marine components; resists sensitization.	Lower structural strength than 316; higher cost premium over 304 series.
ASTM A351 CF3M (316L Stainless) ASTM A351 Grade CF3M combines the pitting resistance of Molybdenum with the weldability of low carbon content. As the cast equivalent of 316L, it is designed for severe corrosive environments where welding is required. Like CF3, the restricted carbon content (<0.03%) eliminates the risk of sensitization (carbide precipitation) at grain boundaries. It is widely specified for semiconductor manufacturing, biopharmaceutical skids, and marine components where maximum corrosion resistance and weld integrity are paramount. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)1.5 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium17.0 - 21.0 Nickel9.0 - 13.0 Molybdenum2.0 - 3.0 Copper- IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~24 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength30 ksi [205 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation30% Impact Energy>100 J @ -196°C Hardness~160 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.98 g/cm³ Melting Range1370 - 1400 °C Thermal Cond.16.2 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.74 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus193 GPa Thermal Exp.16.0 x 10^-6/K Max Temp450°C 316L Modu-Seal Series Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Sanitary Grade & Modular Sealing \| Low Carbon Anti-Corrosion Elasticity Excellence: High-resilience EPDM/PTFE blend withstands 200°C CIP cycles. Modular Maintenance: Modular seat replacement reduces 90% maintenance costs and 80% downtime. Space-Optimized Mounting: Kitz-inspired two-ear clamp cuts weight by 30%-40% for compact layouts. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Alloy 20	Grade CN7M	20Cr-29Ni-Mo-Cu	J95150	N08020	Severe Acid Service: Hot sulfuric acid environments, phosphoric acid, pickling tanks, chemical & explosive manufacturing, food processing (preservatives).	Exceptional resistance to hot sulfuric acid; resistant to intergranular corrosion.	Significantly more expensive than 316; limited availability compared to standard SS.
ASTM A351 CN7M (Alloy 20) ASTM A351 Grade CN7M (Alloy 20) is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel developed specifically for maximum resistance to sulfuric acid. With high Nickel (29%) and Chromium (20%) content fortified with Copper and Molybdenum, CN7M provides exceptional stability in hot sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid. It is virtually immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) which often fails standard 316 stainless steel. It is the critical choice for valves handling aggressive pickling liquors and mixed acid streams. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.07 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)1.5 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium19.0 - 22.0 Nickel27.5 - 30.5 Molybdenum2.0 - 3.0 Copper3.0 - 4.0 IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~28 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength25 ksi [170 MPa] Tensile Strength62 ksi [425 MPa] Elongation35% Impact Energy>80 J @ Ambient Hardness~130 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density8.05 g/cm³ Melting Range1350 - 1420 °C Thermal Cond.12.1 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.08 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus195 GPa Thermal Exp.14.8 x 10^-6/K Max Temp425°C Alloy 20 was once the primary choice for sulfuric acid resistance. However, in modern valve applications, Super Duplex 2507 offers comparable corrosion resistance in many scenarios, with the added benefit of being twice as strong. If you are on a limited budget or have an urgent need for stock, please consult our engineers for a material substitution evaluation.
316LN Stainless	Grade CF3MN	High Nitrogen 316L	J92804	S31653 / EN 1.4406	Cryogenics & High Pressure: LNG (Cryogenic), Urea production plants, Pulp & Paper, and high-pressure piping requiring non-magnetic properties.	Nitrogen addition restores the strength lost in "L" grades; excellent cryogenic stability.	Harder to machine than standard 316; less common stock availability.
ASTM A351 CF3MN (316LN Stainless) ASTM A351 Grade CF3MN (316LN) is the nitrogen-strengthened version of 316L stainless steel. The addition of nitrogen (0.10-0.20%) restores the yield strength lost in low-carbon 316L while maintaining excellent intergranular corrosion resistance. It is particularly valued in cryogenic applications for its toughness at low temperatures and in urea plants where high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are required simultaneously. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)1.50 Silicon (Max)1.50 Phosphorus (Max)0.040 Sulfur (Max)0.040 Chromium17.0 - 22.0 Nickel9.0 - 13.0 Molybdenum2.0 - 3.0 Nitrogen0.10 - 0.20 IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~25-27 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal (Min 1040°C) Yield Strength37 ksi [255 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation30% Impact EnergyExcellent @ -196°C Hardness140 - 180 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.98 g/cm³ Melting Range1370 - 1400 °C Thermal Cond.16.3 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity740 nΩ·m Elastic Modulus193 GPa Thermal Exp.16.0 μm/m·K Max Temp450°C JRVAL Lug Butterfly Valve (316LN) Cryogenic Ready Lug Series \| High Nitrogen Strength Lug Hole Positional Accuracy: The true position of our threaded lug hole pattern is precisely controlled to an exacting tolerance of ±0.10 mm relative to the valve centerline. 100% Gauge Verification: To validate this precision, every valve's lug holes are 100% inspected with certified go/no-go gauges. Surface Integrity: Our castings are guaranteed to be free from surface porosity, shrinkage, or unauthorized weld repairs, ensuring maximum material strength and pressure-holding capability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
AL-6XN / 1.4529	Grade CN3MN	Super Austenitic (High Ni 6Mo)	J94651	N08367 / EN 1.4529	Severe Marine & Chloride: Offshore platforms, flue gas desulfurization (scrubbers), pharmaceutical reactors, and high chloride food processing.	Bridges the gap between 316 and Nickel alloys; outstanding chloride resistance (PREN > 45).	High cost; requires specialized welding procedures compared to standard austenitic.
ASTM A351 CN3MN (AL-6XN / 1.4529) ASTM A351 Grade CN3MN (AL-6XN) is a Super Austenitic stainless steel casting grade designed as a significant upgrade to 254 SMO. It features higher Nickel (24%) and Nitrogen content along with 6% Molybdenum. This composition provides a PREN ≥ 45, offering exceptional resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in severe chloride environments. The high Nickel content also provides superior thermal stability and resistance to stress corrosion cracking compared to standard duplex steels. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)2.00 Silicon (Max)1.00 Phosphorus (Max)0.040 Sulfur (Max)0.010 Chromium20.0 - 22.0 Nickel23.5 - 25.5 (High Ni) Molybdenum6.0 - 7.0 Nitrogen0.18 - 0.26 Copper0.75 (Max) PREN (Typ.)≥ 45 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal (Min 1205°C) Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength80 ksi [550 MPa] Elongation35% Impact EnergyHigh (>100J @ -196°C) Hardness170 - 220 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density8.06 g/cm³ Melting Range1320 - 1400 °C Thermal Cond.12.6 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity930 nΩ·m Elastic Modulus195 GPa Thermal Exp.15.8 μm/m·K Max Temp400°C JRVAL Lug Butterfly Valve (AL-6XN) Super Austenitic 6Mo Lug Series \| Severe Marine Service Ultimate Pitting Resistance: With a PREN ≥ 45 and 6% Molybdenum, this valve offers immunity to pitting and crevice corrosion in stagnant seawater and aggressive scrubber environments. Stress Corrosion Immunity: The 24% Nickel content provides superior resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC), outperforming standard duplex steels in high-temperature chloride applications. High-Purity Casting: Engineered for critical pharmaceutical and food processing reactors where surface finish and material purity are non-negotiable. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
254 SMO / 6-Moly	Grade CK3MCuN	Super Austenitic (20Cr-18Ni-6Mo)	J93254	S31254	Seawater & Severe Service: Desalination plants (SWRO), offshore platforms, flue gas desulfurization (FGD), bleaching equipment, and high-chloride chemical processing.	Exceptional resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion (PREN > 42); superior to 316L and Alloy 20 in high chloride media.	Significantly more expensive than standard stainless; requires specialized welding procedures to maintain corrosion resistance.
ASTM A351 CK3MCuN (254 SMO / 6-Moly) ASTM A351 Grade CK3MCuN is a super austenitic stainless steel casting alloy, equivalent to wrought UNS S31254 (254 SMO). With a high molybdenum content (6%) and nitrogen addition, it is specifically designed to withstand high-halide environments that cause pitting and crevice corrosion in standard 316L or 317L stainless steels. It is the industry standard for seawater handling, desalination, and aggressive chloride scrubbers. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.025 Manganese (Max)1.20 Silicon (Max)1.00 Phosphorus (Max)0.045 Sulfur (Max)0.010 Chromium19.5 - 20.5 Nickel17.5 - 19.5 Molybdenum6.0 - 7.0 Copper0.50 - 1.00 Nitrogen0.18 - 0.24 PREN (Min)> 42 Mechanical Properties (ASTM Min) Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal Yield Strength38 ksi [260 MPa] Tensile Strength80 ksi [550 MPa] Elongation35% Impact EnergyExcellent @ Cryogenic Hardness~160 - 200 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density8.0 g/cm³ Melting Range1320 - 1400 °C Thermal Cond.14.0 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.85 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus195 GPa Thermal Exp.16.5 x 10^-6/K Max Temp400°C (Corrosion Limit) Electric High Performance Double Offset Butterfly Valve Double Offset Design \| API 609 / ANSI B16.34 \| Class 150/300 Super Austenitic Trim: Available with ASTM A351 CK3MCuN (254 SMO) Disc & Body for extreme seawater resistance. Double Offset Geometry: Reduces seat wear and operating torque, ideal for high-cycle automated applications. Leakage Class: Soft seat (PTFE/RPTFE) achieves Bubble-Tight Shutoff (Zero Leakage) per API 598. DN50~DN1200 Class 150/300 API 607 Fire SafeSIL 3 ISO 5211 Mount MTC EN 3.1 View Product

Duplex Stainless Steel

Combining the best attributes of austenite and ferrite, Duplex steels offer double the yield strength of standard stainless steels and exceptional resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).

General Name	ASTM A995	Type	ACI Alloy ID	UNS Cast	UNS Wrought (Ref)	Applications	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
Duplex 2205	Grade 4A	22Cr-5Ni-Mo-N	CD3MN	J92205	S31803 / S32205	General Marine & Chemical: Seawater systems, pulp & paper digesters, sour gas lines, chemical processing vessels.	Twice the yield strength of 316 SS; excellent resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).	Limited temperature range (embrittlement above 250°C); harder to machine.
ASTM A995 Grade 4A (Duplex 2205) ASTM A995 Grade 4A (CD3MN) is the industry-standard Duplex Stainless Steel casting alloy, offering a superior cost-performance balance. Engineered for pressure-containing parts, it bridges the gap between standard austenitic steels (like 316) and high-cost super alloys. With a microstructure of roughly 50% ferrite and 50% austenite, Grade 4A delivers double the yield strength of standard stainless steel and exceptional resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC), pitting, and crevice corrosion. It is the preferred choice for valve bodies requiring high mechanical strength in corrosive environments. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)1 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.02 Chromium21.0 - 23.5 Nickel4.5 - 6.5 Molybdenum2.5 - 3.5 Nitrogen0.10 - 0.30 Copper1.00 (Max) IronBal. Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength60 ksi [415 MPa] Tensile Strength90 ksi [620 MPa] Elongation25% Impact Energy>40 J @ -46°C Hardness~225 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.80 g/cm³ Melting Range1385 - 1440 °C Thermal Cond.19.0 W/m·K Specific Heat475 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.85 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus200 GPa Thermal Exp.13.7 x 10^-6/K PREN>34 Max Temp250°C JRVAL Lug Type Butterfly Valve (Duplex 2205) Threaded Connection \| Dead-end Service \| High Pressure Rating Precision Lug Pattern: Threaded holes controlled to ±0.10 mm tolerance for perfect alignment. 100% Gauge Verification: Every valve inspected with certified go/no-go gauges. High-Density Casting: Zero Porosity Guaranteed. Solid non-porous structure ensures superior strength and maximum durability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Super Duplex 2507	Grade 5A	25Cr-7Ni-Mo-N	CE3MN	J93404	S32750	High-Corrosion Environments: Desalination plants, deep-sea offshore platforms, aggressive acid lines, flue-gas cleaning (FGD).	Superior corrosion resistance matching Titanium in some media; extreme high strength.	Expensive; difficult to process/weld; "475°C embrittlement" risks if heated improperly.
ASTM A995 Grade 5A (Super Duplex 2507) ASTM A995 Grade 5A (CE3MN), widely known as Super Duplex 2507, is a high-alloy casting grade designed for extreme environments where standard Duplex falls short. Defined by high levels of Chromium (25%), Molybdenum (4%), and Nitrogen, Grade 5A achieves a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) exceeding 40. This microstructure provides maximum resistance to localized pitting and crevice corrosion in warm seawater and chloride-rich process streams. It offers higher tensile strength than Grade 4A, making it ideal for high-pressure subsea and petrochemical valve applications. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese (Max)1.5 Silicon (Max)1 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium24.0 - 26.0 Nickel6.0 - 8.0 Molybdenum4.0 - 5.0 Nitrogen0.10 - 0.30 IronBal. Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength75 ksi [515 MPa] Tensile Strength100 ksi [690 MPa] Elongation18% Impact Energy>40 J @ -46°C Hardness~260 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.80 g/cm³ Melting Range1385 - 1440 °C Thermal Cond.17.0 W/m·K Specific Heat475 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.80 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus200 GPa Thermal Exp.13.0 x 10^-6/K PREN>41 Max Temp250°C AeroForm Series Super Duplex Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Ultra-High Strength \| Marine & Seawater Excellence Surface Integrity: Guaranteed free from surface porosity, shrinkage, or unauthorized weld repairs. Future-Proof Automation: ISO 5211 actuator pads enable easy pneumatic/electric upgrades. Innovative Design: Modern appearance with high-density casting for maximum pressure capability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Zeron 100	Grade 6A	25Cr-7Ni-Mo-W	CD3MWCuN	J93380	S32760	Severe Acid & Erosion: Subsea injection, mining slurry, sulfuric acid processing, phosphoric acid production.	Tungsten addition provides superior pitting resistance in acidic chlorides.	Very specialized; long lead times for casting; strict welding controls required.
ASTM A995 Grade 6A (Zeron 100) ASTM A995 Grade 6A (CD3MWCuN) is a premium Super Duplex stainless steel variant fortified with Tungsten (W) and Copper (Cu). This specific alloying creates a casting with outstanding resistance to corrosion in strong acids (sulfuric/hydrochloric) and excellent resistance to erosion-corrosion. Grade 6A maintains high mechanical strength and ductility even in harsh chloride environments. It is frequently specified for critical triple-offset butterfly valves in offshore oil/gas and mining sectors where reliability and extended service life are non-negotiable. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.03 Manganese1.0 Silicon1.0 Phosphorus (Max)0.03 Sulfur (Max)0.025 Chromium24.0 - 26.0 Nickel6.5 - 8.5 Molybdenum3.0 - 4.0 Nitrogen0.20 - 0.30 Copper0.50 - 1.00 Tungsten0.50 - 1.00 IronBal. Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSol. Anneal & Quench Yield Strength65 ksi [450 MPa] Tensile Strength100 ksi [690 MPa] Elongation25% Impact Energy>40 J @ -46°C Hardness~260 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.84 g/cm³ Melting Range1385 - 1440 °C Thermal Cond.17.0 W/m·K Specific Heat480 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.85 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus200 GPa Thermal Exp.12.8 x 10^-6/K PREN>41 Max Temp250°C Hastelloy C276 Double Offset Butterfly Valve Extreme Chemical Resistance \| High-Frequency Stability Pinless Design: Key/square shaft connection eliminates pin loosening in vibration-heavy environments. Bidirectional Sealing: Elastic seat + spherical disc seals bidirectionally to block contamination. Premium Material: 100% PMI testing and MTC certificates ensure alloy authenticity. DN40~DN2800 PN6~PN64 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product

Martensitic Stainless Steel

Magnetic stainless steels capable of being heat-treated to high hardness levels. Primarily used for valve stems, shafts, and internal wear components, or for valve bodies in high-temperature, non-corrosive steam/oil applications.

General Name	ASTM A995	Type	ACI Alloy ID	UNS Cast	UNS Wrought (Ref)	Applications	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
410 Stainless	CA15	12Cr	CA15	J91155	S41000	High-Velocity Service: High-temperature steam, hot oil, petroleum refining, non-corrosive gas, valve stems, and seats.	High hardness and wear resistance; good for steam/gas; lower cost than 300 series.	Poor general corrosion resistance (rusts easily); requires heat treatment; difficult to weld.
ASTM A743 Grade CA15 ASTM A743 Grade CA15 is the general-purpose martensitic stainless steel casting alloy, serving as the cast equivalent to wrought AISI 410. Containing 12% chromium, this alloy is heat-treatable, allowing for a wide range of mechanical properties. CA15 is prized for its excellent strength, erosion-corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity. It is the preferred choice for valve bodies and trim in high-temperature steam applications (up to 700°C) and hot oil services where moderate corrosion resistance is required, but high mechanical hardness is essential to resist galling and wear. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.15 (Max) Manganese (Max)1 Silicon (Max)1.5 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium11.50 - 14.00 Nickel (Max)1 Molybdenum (Max)0.5 IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~12 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentQuench & Temper Yield Strength65 ksi [450 MPa] Tensile Strength90 ksi [620 MPa] Elongation18% Red. of Area30% Impact Energy20-30 J @ Ambient Hardness200 - 260 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.75 g/cm³ Melting Range1450 - 1510 °C Thermal Cond.24.9 W/m·K Specific Heat460 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.57 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus200 GPa Thermal Exp.11.0 x 10^-6/K Max Temp538°C (Oxidation) 410 Uni-Fit Series Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve 410 Stainless CA15 \| Universal Standard Compatibility (JIS/KS/Intl) Optimized for Rapid Installation: Lightweight, compact wafer-style body reduces handling effort and mounting time, minimizing system downtime. Universal Flange Compatibility: Seamlessly integrates with international standards (JIS 5K/10K/16K, KS, etc.) for effortless retrofitting. High-Density Casting: Zero Porosity Guaranteed. Solid non-porous structure ensures superior strength and maximum durability. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
420 Stainless	CA40	12Cr (High Carbon)	CA40	J91153	S42000	Abrasive & Erosion: Hydraulic fluids, abrasive slurries, high-pressure steam, mining equipment, cavitation-prone areas.	Higher hardness than 410; excellent for resisting erosion and cavitation damage.	Very brittle; poor weldability; lower corrosion resistance than austenitic grades.
ASTM A743 Grade CA40 ASTM A743 Grade CA40 is a higher-carbon modification of CA15, equivalent to wrought AISI 420. The increased carbon content allows CA40 to achieve significantly higher hardness levels after heat treatment, making it the superior choice for applications subject to severe abrasion, erosion, or cavitation damage. While its corrosion resistance is slightly lower than CA15, its wear resistance is unmatched among standard stainless steels. CA40 is frequently utilized for valve discs, seats, and bodies in hydraulic systems and mining applications where particulate matter would rapidly destroy softer austenitic steels. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.20 - 0.40 Manganese (Max)1 Silicon (Max)1.5 Phosphorus (Max)0.04 Sulfur (Max)0.04 Chromium11.50 - 14.00 Nickel (Max)1 Molybdenum (Max)0.5 IronBal. PREN (Typ.)~12 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentQuench & Temper Yield Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Tensile Strength100 ksi [690 MPa] Elongation15% Red. of Area25% Impact Energy<20 J (Brittle) Hardness270 - 330 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.75 g/cm³ Melting Range1450 - 1510 °C Thermal Cond.24.9 W/m·K Specific Heat460 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.55 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus200 GPa Thermal Exp.11.0 x 10^-6/K Max Temp425°C 420 Heavy-Body Series Stainless Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve 420 Stainless CA40 \| Heavy-Duty GOST/DIN \| Petrochemical Grade Robust Construction: Heavy-walled body exceeds thickness requirements of HG/T 3704, DIN, and GOST for superior structural integrity. High-Density Casting: Zero Porosity Guaranteed. Solid non-porous structure ensures superior strength and maximum durability. Superior Material Composition: Cast with chemical compositions at the highest end of international standards (e.g., max allowable Nickel content) for extended service life. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product

Carbon Steel & Low Alloy Steel

The standard for high-pressure and temperature-critical applications. From general industrial WCB to high-strength WCC and low-temperature LCB/LCC, these alloys offer superior strength, ductility, and impact resistance compared to iron.

General Name	ASTM Standard	Grade	Type	Key Characteristics	Applications	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
Carbon Steel	ASTM A216	WCB	Standard CS	Excellent Weldability, Cost-Effective, General Purpose	General Industrial: Steam, Water, Oil, Gas (Non-corrosive) piping systems.	The most economical choice for high pressure/temp non-corrosive lines; easy to weld.	Poor corrosion resistance (requires painting/lining); not suitable for extreme cold (< -29°C).
ASTM A216 Grade WCB The most ubiquitous valve material in the industrial world. WCB (Weldable Cast B-Grade) offers a balanced combination of strength and ductility. It is the default choice for processes requiring higher pressure ratings (Class 150/300/600) than cast iron can handle, functioning reliably up to 425°C. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.30 Manganese1.00 Silicon0.60 P / S (Max)0.035 Cr/Ni/MoResiduals IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength36 ksi [250 MPa] Tensile Strength70-95 ksi [485-655 MPa] Elongation22% Impact EnergyNot Required Hardness137 - 187 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1510 - 1530 °C Thermal Cond.51.9 W/m·K Specific Heat486 J/kg·K Thermal Exp.11.2 µm/m·K Rec. Max Temp425°C (800°F) JRVAL Carbon Steel Lug Butterfly Valve Threaded Connection \| Dead-end Service \| High Pressure Rating Lug Hole Positional Accuracy: The true position of our threaded lug hole pattern is precisely controlled to an exacting tolerance of ±0.10 mm relative to the valve centerline. 100% Gauge Verification: To validate this precision, every valve's lug holes are 100% inspected with certified go/no-go gauges. Traceability: Premium raw steel finish with corrosion-resistant coating; deep-cast permanent markings for full traceability (material, pressure, heat number). DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Carbon Steel	ASTM A216	WCC	High Manganese CS	Higher Yield Strength, Better Cold Toughness	Moderate Pressure: Services requiring slightly higher yield strength than WCB.	Higher yield strength allows for thinner wall thickness or higher pressure ratings.	Same corrosion issues as WCB; slightly more expensive.
ASTM A216 Grade WCC Similar to WCB but with a higher Manganese content (up to 1.20%). This slight chemical alteration provides WCC with higher yield strength and better toughness at ambient temperatures. It is often preferred for larger valves or higher pressure classes where wall thickness needs to be optimized. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.25 Manganese1.20 Silicon0.60 P / S (Max)0.035 Cr/Ni/MoResiduals IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength70-95 ksi [485-655 MPa] Elongation22% Impact EnergyNot Required Hardness156 - 207 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1510 - 1530 °C Thermal Cond.51.9 W/m·K Specific Heat486 J/kg·K Thermal Exp.11.2 µm/m·K Rec. Max Temp425°C (800°F) Carbon Steel Flange Butterfly Valve Double Flange Design \| High Flow Capacity \| High Manganese Body Specialized Supply: Strict Standards separation ensures dimensional compatibility, eliminating misalignment risks in complex piping systems. Precision-Matched Flanges: Flanges are customized based on specific pipeline measurements for leak-free sealing, with thickness reinforced per standards (e.g., HG/T). Full-process Reliability: Reinforced components exceed standard product performance in strength, sealing, and operation torque. Enhanced Material Strength: The WCC grade's higher Manganese content provides superior tensile strength compared to WCB, allowing for higher pressure ratings without increasing wall thickness. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Low Temp CS	ASTM A352	LCB	Low Temp Steel	Impact Tested at -46°C, Ductile in Cold	Refrigeration: Arctic pipelines, LPG plants, and environments down to -46°C.	Guaranteed impact toughness down to -46°C; ductile in cold climates.	Lower yield strength than LCC; prone to external corrosion without coating.
ASTM A352 Grade LCB Designed specifically for low-temperature service where standard WCB would become brittle and prone to cracking. LCB (Low Temp Cast B) undergoes specific heat treatment and impact testing to ensure ductility is maintained in freezing conditions, making it standard for northern climates and refrigeration cycles. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.30 Manganese1.00 Silicon0.60 P / S (Max)0.035 Cr/Ni/MoResiduals IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength35 ksi [240 MPa] Tensile Strength65-95 ksi [450-655 MPa] Elongation24% Impact Energy18J @ -46°C Hardness137 - 187 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1510 - 1530 °C Thermal Cond.51.9 W/m·K Specific Heat486 J/kg·K Thermal Exp.11.1 µm/m·K Rec. Max Temp345°C (650°F) Signet Series Carbon Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Low Temp Service (-46°C) \| Cryogenic Insulation Ready \| Impact Tested Premium Craftsmanship: Features a finely coated body and a unique, recessed stainless steel nameplate for superior aesthetics and durability. Flange Precision Customization: Tailored flange adjustments eliminate pipeline dimensional mismatches, ensuring leak-free connections. Cold Shock Resistance: Specifically heat-treated to maintain ductility in sub-zero environments, preventing the brittle fracture common in standard carbon steels during rapid temperature drops. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Low Temp CS	ASTM A352	LCC	High Impact LTSC	High Strength, Superior Toughness, Quenched	Severe Cold: Preferred over LCB for better weldability & toughness in severe cold.	Best combination of cold toughness (-46°C) and high yield strength.	More expensive than WCB; strictly controlled heat treatment required.
ASTM A352 Grade LCC The modern standard for critical low-temperature valves. LCC is similar to LCB but with lower carbon and higher manganese (similar to WCC vs WCB). It is typically Quenched and Tempered, offering superior impact properties (20J @ -46°C) and higher yield strength, making it the robust choice for arctic oil and gas pipelines. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.25 Manganese1.20 Silicon0.60 P / S (Max)0.035 Cr/Ni/MoResiduals IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength70-95 ksi [485-655 MPa] Elongation22% Impact Energy20J @ -46°C Hardness156 - 207 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1510 - 1530 °C Thermal Cond.51.9 W/m·K Specific Heat486 J/kg·K Thermal Exp.11.1 µm/m·K Rec. Max Temp345°C (650°F) Heavy-Body Series Carbon Steel Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Heavy Duty \| Arctic Service \| High Impact Toughness Robust Construction: Features a heavy-walled body that significantly exceeds the thickness requirements of standards like HG/T 3704, ensuring superior structural integrity and an enhanced safety margin. Superior Weldability: The specific chemistry of LCC allows for better weld repairs and modifications compared to standard cast irons, crucial for maintenance in remote locations. Extreme Environment Certified: Rigorous Charpy V-Notch impact testing ensures the valve body withstands high mechanical stress even at -46°C without brittle failure. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Low Temp Alloy	ASTM A352	LC1	Carbon-Moly (C-Mo)	Impact Tested at -59°C, Molybdenum Enhanced	Intermediate Cold: Power piping & Refrigeration cycles dropping below LCB limits (-59°C).	Handles intermediate cold (-59°C) and higher temperatures better than plain CS.	Harder to weld than LCB due to Molybdenum content.
ASTM A352 Grade LC1 A Carbon-Molybdenum alloy designed for pressure-containing parts requiring service temperatures lower than standard LCB/LCC. The addition of Molybdenum extends the safe operating limit down to -59°C while improving creep resistance, bridging the gap between standard carbon steels and high-nickel alloys. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon (Max)0.25 Manganese0.50 - 0.80 Molybdenum0.45 - 0.65 Silicon (Max)0.60 P / S (Max)0.040 / 0.045 IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength35 ksi [240 MPa] Tensile Strength65-95 ksi [450-655 MPa] Elongation24% Impact Energy20J @ -59°C Hardness137 - 187 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1510 - 1530 °C Thermal Cond.52.0 W/m·K Specific Heat480 J/kg·K Thermal Exp.11.5 µm/m·K Rec. Max Temp345°C (650°F) Carbon Steel Semi-Lug Butterfly Valve Semi-Lug Pattern \| Extended Spiral Stem \| Low Temp C-Mo Body Maintenance-Free Sealing: Engineered for bi-directional ISO 5208 Rate A (Bubble-Tight) shutoff, featuring a standardized mounting pad for easy actuator integration and backed by a 24-month replacement warranty. High-Torque Extended Stem: Equipped with a specialized extended spiral stem that not only facilitates simplified insulation installation but also ensures maximum torque transmission for reliable operation. Deep Cold Resilience: The LC1 Molybdenum-enriched matrix pushes the brittle fracture limit down to -59°C, offering a critical safety margin over standard LCB/LCC valves in volatile refrigeration lines. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product

General Name	ASTM A217	Type	UNS Cast	Applications	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
WC6	Grade WC6	1¼Cr-½Mo	J12072	Power Generation: High-temperature steam, boiler feed water, non-corrosive oils up to 538°C (1000°F).	Excellent creep strength at high temperatures; resists graphitization.	Not corrosion resistant in wet environments; pre-heat required for welding.
ASTM A217 Grade WC6 ASTM A217 Grade WC6 is a low-alloy steel specifically designed for high-temperature pressure-containing parts. Containing 1.25% Chromium and 0.5% Molybdenum, it provides excellent resistance to "graphitization" and creep (deformation under load) at elevated temperatures where standard Carbon Steel (WCB) would fail. It is the standard material for Class 600-2500 valves in power plants and refineries handling high-pressure steam and hot boiler water. It offers better weldability than higher alloy grades. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.05 - 0.20 Manganese0.50 - 0.80 Silicon (Max)0.6 P & S (Max)0.035 Chromium1.00 - 1.50 Molybdenum0.45 - 0.65 Nickel (Max)0.5 Copper (Max)0.5 Tungsten (Max)0.1 IronBalance Total Residuals< 1.00 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentNormalize & Temper Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength70 - 95 ksi [485-655 MPa] Elongation20% Reduction of Area35% Impact Energy27 J @ Room Temp Hardness~160 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1480 - 1520 °C Therm. Cond.34.0 W/m·K Specific Heat460 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.25 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus210 GPa Therm. Expansion12.5 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp538°C High-Temperature WC6/WC9 Flanged Triple Offset Butterfly Valve Power Plant Service \| Cr-Mo Alloy Steel \| Extreme Temp Triple Eccentric Geometry: Zero-friction closure for extended service life in high-heat cycles. Metal-to-Metal Seated: Inherently fire-safe design with Stellite hard-facing options. Low Torque Operation: Precision-engineered seal ring minimizes operating costs and actuator size. DN50~DN2800+ PN6~PN400 Metal Seated ISO 9001:2015 CE MTC EN 3.1 View Product
WC9	Grade WC9	2¼Cr-1Mo	J21890	Superheated Steam: High-pressure refinery piping, catalytic reformers, steam headers up to 593°C (1100°F).	Superior high-temperature stability for superheated steam/refinery use.	Expensive for non-high-temp applications; strict welding procedures.
ASTM A217 Grade WC9 ASTM A217 Grade WC9 offers superior high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance compared to WC6 due to its higher Chromium (2.25%) and Molybdenum (1%) content. This alloy is engineered for the most demanding steam environments, including superheated steam lines and hot refinery processes. It provides exceptional creep-rupture strength, ensuring dimensional stability and safety in valves operating continuously at temperatures approaching 1100°F. It is the preferred choice for critical isolation valves in thermal power stations. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.05 - 0.18 Manganese0.40 - 0.70 Silicon (Max)0.6 P & S (Max)0.035 Chromium2.00 - 2.75 Molybdenum0.90 - 1.20 Nickel (Max)0.5 Copper (Max)0.5 Tungsten (Max)0.1 IronBalance Total Residuals< 1.00 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentNormalize & Temper Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength70 - 95 ksi [485-655 MPa] Elongation20% Reduction of Area35% Impact Energy27 J @ Room Temp Hardness~170 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.85 g/cm³ Melting Range1480 - 1520 °C Therm. Cond.33.0 W/m·K Specific Heat460 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.28 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus210 GPa Therm. Expansion12.3 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp593°C

Nickel Base Alloys

The ultimate solution for extreme environments. These alloys handle what stainless steels cannot: boiling acids, wet chlorine gas, and extreme temperatures.

General Name	ASTM A494 (ACI Grade)	Type	UNS Cast	UNS Wrought (Ref)	Applications / Media	Key Advantage(s)	Key Disadvantage(s)
Hastelloy C276 (Standard)	Grade CW-6M	Ni-Mo-Cr	N30107	N10276	Severe Corrosion: The modern industry standard. Wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite, pulp & paper bleach plants.	Modern Standard: Unmatched versatility in oxidizing and reducing acids; prevents grain boundary precipitation.	Extremely high cost; material is dense (heavy); difficult to machine.
ASTM A494 CW-6M (Low Carbon C276) ASTM A494 Grade CW-6M (Hastelloy C276) is the premier nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy for severe corrosive environments. It is considered the "gold standard" in the chemical processing industry. The high molybdenum content (15-17%) provides exceptional resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, while the tungsten addition enhances stability. It is one of the few materials capable of withstanding wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide solutions. It is the ultimate choice for valve bodies in aggressive desulfurization (FGD) and petrochemical applications. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.07 (Max) Manganese1 (Max) Silicon1 (Max) Phosphorus0.03 (Max) Sulfur0.02 (Max) Chromium17.0 - 20.0 NickelBalance Molybdenum17.0 - 20.0 Tungsten3.75 - 5.25 Iron3.0 (Max) Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSolution Anneal Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength72 ksi [495 MPa] Elongation25% Impact Energy>100 J @ -196°C Hardness~200 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN (Typ.)>65 Density8.89 g/cm³ Melting Range1325 - 1370 °C Thermal Cond.10.2 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.30 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus205 GPa Thermal Exp.11.2 x 10^-6/K Max Temp538°C / 1000°C Hastelloy C276 Double Offset Butterfly Valve Extreme Chemical Resistance \| High-Frequency Stability Pinless Design: Key/square shaft connection eliminates pin loosening in vibration-heavy environments. Bidirectional Sealing: Elastic seat + spherical disc seals bidirectionally to block contamination. Premium Material: 100% PMI testing and MTC certificates ensure alloy authenticity. DN40~DN2800 PN6~PN64 ISO 9001:2015CE MTC EN 3.1 Bi-directional Zero Leakage View Product
Hastelloy C276 (Strict/Legacy)	Grade CW-12MW	Ni-Mo-Cr-W	N30002	N10276	Strict Compliance: For projects explicitly requiring Tungsten (W) content for PMI verification.	High Tungsten: Meets older/strict specs requiring Tungsten for high-temp strength.	Comparison: The High Tungsten content can actually reduce thermal stability compared to CW-6M; harder to source.
ASTM A494 CW-12MW (High Tungsten) The classic cast version of C276 containing Tungsten. Selected when project specifications strictly demand a chemical match to wrought N10276 for PMI testing. Industry Insight: CW-6M vs. CW-12MW In the valve manufacturing industry, ASTM A494 Grade CW-6M has become the preferred casting choice for most applications due to its Low Carbon content (0.02% max), which prevents grain boundary precipitation. The Tungsten Factor: While wrought C276 contains Tungsten, CW-6M relies on higher levels of Molybdenum (up to 20%) to achieve comparable pitting resistance without the casting difficulties of Tungsten. Our Solution: We supply CW-6M as our standard for maximum reliability. However, for projects strictly requiring Tungsten for PMI verification, we offer CW-12MW (shown here) upon request. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.12 (Max) Manganese1.00 (Max) Silicon1.00 (Max) Phosphorus0.03 (Max) Sulfur0.02 (Max) Chromium15.50 - 17.50 NickelBalance Molybdenum16.00 - 18.00 Tungsten3.75 - 5.25 Vanadium0.20 - 0.40 Iron4.50 - 7.50 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSolution Anneal Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength72 ksi [495 MPa] Elongation4% Impact Energy- Hardness~210 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN (Typ.)>68 Density8.94 g/cm³ Melting Range1300 - 1350 °C Thermal Cond.10.8 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.30 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus205 GPa Thermal Exp.11.3 x 10^-6/K Max Temp1000°C
Hastelloy B (B2)	Grade N-12MV	Ni-Mo	N30012	N10665 (B2)	Reducing Acids: Boiling hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (no oxidizers), acetic acid.	The absolute best for boiling Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) at all concentrations.	Critical Flaw: Zero resistance to oxidizing media (ferric salts, oxygen) – will corrode rapidly if contaminants are present.
ASTM A494 N-12MV (Hastelloy B2) ASTM A494 Grade N-12MV (Hastelloy B2) is a specialized nickel-molybdenum alloy designed for reducing environments. It offers superior resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Critical Engineering Note: This alloy contains very little Chromium and must not be used in oxidizing media (ferric/cupric salts) as rapid corrosion will occur. It is the specific solution for pure acid streams where standard stainless steels fail immediately. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.12 (Max) Manganese1 (Max) Silicon1 (Max) Phosphorus0.03 (Max) Sulfur0.02 (Max) Chromium1 (Max) NickelBalance Molybdenum26.0 - 30.0 Vanadium0.2 - 0.6 Iron4.0 - 6.0 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSolution Anneal Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength76 ksi [525 MPa] Elongation6% Impact EnergyHigh Toughness Hardness~210 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN- Density9.22 g/cm³ Melting Range1330 - 1380 °C Thermal Cond.11.1 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.37 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus217 GPa Thermal Exp.10.3 x 10^-6/K Max Temp425°C (Reducing) Hastelloy B (N-12MV) Triple Offset Butterfly Valve Lug Type Hastelloy B N-12MV \| Severe Corrosion Service \| Triple Offset Design Ultimate Acid Resistance: N-12MV alloy provides exceptional resistance to hydrochloric gas, sulfuric acid, and reducing environments at all concentrations and temperatures. Triple Offset Precision: Advanced triple eccentric geometry ensures frictionless metal-to-metal sealing, guaranteeing zero leakage in high-pressure applications. Severe Service Ready: Engineered for extreme conditions where standard stainless steels fail, ensuring longevity in aggressive chemical processing lines. DN50~DN2800+ PN6~PN400 ISO 9001:2015CE Metal Seated MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Monel 400	Grade M35-1	Ni-Cu	N24135	N04400	Marine & Alkylation: Seawater desalination, Hydrofluoric acid (HF), salt production, strong alkalis.	Excellent in seawater, hydrofluoric acid (HF), and pure oxygen service.	Vulnerable to pitting in stagnant seawater; poor resistance to oxidizing acids (Nitric).
ASTM A494 M35-1 (Monel 400) ASTM A494 Grade M35-1 (Monel 400) is a nickel-copper solid-solution alloy that offers outstanding resistance to rapidly flowing seawater, preventing bio-fouling and chloride stress corrosion cracking. It is also one of the few alloys resistant to Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and fluorine gas. M35-1 is widely used in marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing, and de-aerating heaters. It provides high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and is non-magnetic in certain conditions. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.35 (Max) Manganese1.5 (Max) Silicon1.25 (Max) Phosphorus0.03 (Max) Sulfur0.03 (Max) NickelBalance Copper26.0 - 33.0 Iron3.5 (Max) Cb(Nb)0.5 (Max) Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentAs Cast / Annealed Yield Strength25 ksi [170 MPa] Tensile Strength65 ksi [450 MPa] Elongation25% Impact EnergyHigh Toughness Hardness~120 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN- Density8.8 g/cm³ Melting Range1300 - 1350 °C Thermal Cond.21.8 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity0.51 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus179 GPa Thermal Exp.13.9 x 10^-6/K Max Temp480°C Monel 400 (M-35-1) for strong corrosive environments is available upon special request. Please consult our engineering team for feasibility and MOQ.
Monel K500	N/A (Bar Stock)	Ni-Cu-Al	N/A	N05500	High Strength Internals (Trim Only): Valve stems, pins, and shafts requiring high tensile strength.	Age-hardening gives it 2-3x the strength of Monel 400; non-magnetic.	Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in certain "sour" environments if not heat-treated perfectly.
UNS N05500 (Monel K500) Monel K500 (UNS N05500) is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-copper alloy. It combines the corrosion resistance of Monel 400 with greater strength and hardness (2x-3x stronger). Note: This is a wrought specification used for valve stems and internal pins, not for casting valve bodies. It ensures stems do not twist under high torque in seawater applications. Chemical Composition (%) Nickel (+Cobalt)63.0 Min Copper27.0 - 33.0 Aluminum2.30 - 3.15 Titanium0.35 - 0.85 Iron2.0 Max Manganese1.5 Max Silicon0.5 Max Carbon0.25 Max Sulfur0.01 Max Mechanical Properties (Age Hardened) ConditionSol. Annealed + Aged Yield Strength100 ksi [690 MPa] Min Tensile Strength140 ksi [965 MPa] Min Elongation20% Min Hardness27 - 35 HRC Impact Energy~37 J @ RT Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density8.44 g/cm³ Melting Range1315 - 1350 °C Thermal Cond.17.5 W/m·K Specific Heat419 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.615 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus179 GPa Thermal Exp.13.7 x 10^-6/K Magnetic Perm.< 1.002 (Non-Mag) Monel K500 is supplied exclusively as a high-strength upgrade for Valve Stems/Shafts. Contact us to specify this material for your valve internals.
Inconel 600	Grade CY40	Ni-Cr-Fe	N06040	N06600	High Heat: Heat treating furnaces, nuclear reactors, phenol production, caustic concentration.	Outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures; immune to chloride SCC.	Not suitable for strongly oxidizing acids; expensive compared to SS.
ASTM A494 CY40 (Inconel 600) ASTM A494 Grade CY40 (Inconel 600) is a nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to elevated temperatures (up to 1093°C). Its high nickel content offers virtual immunity to Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and excellent resistance to alkaline solutions. While it resists oxidation well, it is primarily selected for high-temperature valve applications in furnace components and nuclear steam generator tubes where thermal stability is critical. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.4 (Max) Manganese1.5 (Max) Silicon3 (Max) Phosphorus0.03 (Max) Sulfur0.03 (Max) Chromium14.0 - 17.0 NickelBalance Iron11 (Max) Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSolution Anneal Yield Strength28 ksi [195 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation30% Impact EnergyHigh Toughness Hardness~150 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN- Density8.47 g/cm³ Melting Range1354 - 1413 °C Thermal Cond.14.8 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.03 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus206 GPa Thermal Exp.13.3 x 10^-6/K Max Temp1093°C (Oxidizing) Extreme-temperature Inconel 600 (CY40) is available for specialized project requirements. Consult engineering for lead times and MOQ.
Inconel 625	Grade CW-6MC	Ni-Cr-Mo	N26625	N06625	Offshore & Aerospace: Sour gas, geothermal, ocean water piping, waste incineration.	High strength combined with outstanding corrosion resistance and weldability.	Very expensive; often over-specified where Duplex might suffice.
ASTM A494 CW-6MC (Inconel 625) ASTM A494 Grade CW-6MC (Inconel 625) is a Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy stabilized with Columbium (Niobium). This specific composition provides immense tensile strength and outstanding fatigue strength without heat treatment. It offers superior resistance to localized attack (pitting/crevice corrosion) and is widely used in the offshore oil & gas industry for subsea valves and flare stacks. It bridges the gap between standard stainless and the more expensive C276. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon0.06 (Max) Manganese1 (Max) Silicon1 (Max) Phosphorus0.015 (Max) Sulfur0.015 (Max) Chromium20.0 - 23.0 NickelBalance Molybdenum8.0 - 10.0 Iron5 (Max) Cb(Nb) + Ta3.15 - 4.50 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentSolution Anneal Yield Strength40 ksi [275 MPa] Tensile Strength70 ksi [485 MPa] Elongation25% Impact Energy>80 J @ -196°C Hardness~190 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN (Typ.)>50 Density8.44 g/cm³ Melting Range1290 - 1350 °C Thermal Cond.9.8 W/m·K Elec. Resistivity1.29 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus205 GPa Thermal Exp.12.8 x 10^-6/K Max Temp980°C While we specialize in standard stainless steels and duplex steels, we understand that extreme environments require superalloys like Inconel 600 (CY40) and Inconel 625 (CW-6MC). For these special materials, please consult our engineering team for feasibility and minimum order quantity (MOQ)..

Precipitation Hardened Steel

Precipitation-hardening stainless steels achieve a unique combination of high strength, good toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance through heat treatment. They are the industry standard for high-performance valve stems and internal components that must endure high torque without twisting or galling.

General Name	ASTM A747 (ACI Alloy ID)	Type	UNS Cast	UNS Wrought (Ref)	Applications	Advantages	Disadvantages	Details
17-4 PH	Grade CB7Cu-1	Martensitic PH	J92180	S17400 (Type 630)	High Strength Internals: Valve stems, shafts, high-pressure pump casings, aerospace components, wear rings.	Perfect balance of high strength (for stems) and corrosion resistance (like 304).	Can crack if aged to excessive hardness; restricted use in NACE (Sour Gas) environments.
ASTM A747 CB7Cu-1 (17-4 PH) Used exclusively for High-Performance Valve Stems. 3x yield strength of 316SS. Hardness prevents galling at packing area. Chemical Composition (%) Chromium15.50 - 17.70 Nickel3.60 - 4.60 Copper2.50 - 3.20 Nb (Cb)0.15 - 0.35 Carbon (Max)0.07 Manganese (Max)0.7 Silicon (Max)1 Molybdenum0.5 P (Max)0.035 S (Max)0.03 IronBalance Mechanical Properties (H1150) Yield Strength97 ksi [670 MPa] Tensile Strength125 ksi [860 MPa] Elongation10% Impact Energy~40 J @ Ambient Hardness~310 HB TreatmentSolution + Aging Physical Properties (Typical Values) PREN (Typ.)~16 Density7.8 g/cm³ Melting Range1400 - 1440 °C Therm. Cond.17.9 W/m·K Specific Heat460 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.80 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus196 GPa Therm. Expansion10.8 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp315°C 17-4 PH (CB7Cu-1) High-Performance Series Butterfly Valve Precipitation Hardening (PH) \| High Tensile Strength & Wear Resistance Superior Tensile Strength: Precipitation-hardened alloy delivers 3-4x the strength of 304/316SS, making it ideal for high-pressure drops and heavy-duty cycling. Erosion & Wear Resistance: Excellent hardness properties prevent galling and resist erosion from high-velocity flows or abrasive media. Structural Integrity: The A747 CB7Cu-1 casting grade ensures internal components (like discs/shafts) withstand maximum torque without deformation. DN40~DN2800 PN6~PN64 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product

Specialty Bronzes

Non-ferrous alloys engineered for specific marine and abrasive challenges. Known for their natural resistance to bio-fouling and spark-free properties, they are essential for seawater handling and hazardous safety environments.

General Name	ASTM B148	Type	UNS	Key Characteristics	Applications	Advantages	Disadvantages
Aluminum Bronze	Grade C95400	11Al-4Fe	C95400	High Strength, Wear Resistant	Valve Discs: Abrasion-resistant discs for butterfly valves, worm gears, wear plates, bushings.	High strength comparable to steel; spark-free; excellent wear resistance.	Subject to "De-aluminification" in some chemical environments; harder to cast than standard brass.
ASTM B148 C95400 ASTM B148 Alloy C95400 is the most popular all-purpose aluminum bronze alloy. It offers high yield strength and excellent resistance to wear, abrasion, and fatigue. While it has good corrosion resistance, it is primarily selected for its mechanical toughness. It is the standard material for Butterfly Valve Discs in freshwater and mild chemical applications where stainless steel might suffer from galling. It also retains its properties well at elevated temperatures (up to 316°C). Chemical Composition (%) Aluminum10.0 - 11.5 Copper83.0 Min Iron3.0 - 5.0 Manganese1.5 Nickel1.5 (Max) Silicon- Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentAs Cast Yield Strength30 ksi [205 MPa] Tensile Strength75 ksi [515 MPa] Elongation12% Impact Energy~15 J @ RT Hardness~150 - 170 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.45 g/cm³ Melting Range1027 - 1040 °C Thermal Cond.59 W/m·K Specific Heat420 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.13 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus110 GPa Thermal Exp.16.2 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp260°C Aluminum Bronze Lug Butterfly Valve (C95400) Marine Grade \| Self-Repairing Oxide Layer Superior Seawater Resistance: Exceptional defense against pitting in high-chloride media. High Strength & Abrasion: Superior mechanical hardness over standard brass/bronze. Verified Accuracy: 100% Gauge verification of threaded lug hole patterns. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 Bi-directional Zero Leakage ISO 9001:2015 CE MTC EN 3.1 View Product
Ni-Al Bronze (NAB)	Grade C95800	Ni-Al-Bronze	C95800	Seawater Corrosion & Biofouling Resistance	Marine Valves: Seawater cooling systems, desalination, fire protection, shipboard valves.	The gold standard for seawater; inherently resists bio-fouling (marine growth); tough.	Galvanic Issue: It is anodic to Stainless Steel. If connected to SS pipe without insulation, the valve will corrode.
ASTM B148 C95800 ASTM B148 Alloy C95800 (Nickel Aluminum Bronze / NAB) is the definitive "gold standard" for seawater valve applications. Engineered specifically to prevent "de-aluminification" (a type of corrosion), C95800 forms a protective, self-healing oxide film in salt water. It offers superior resistance to cavitation, erosion, and bio-fouling (marine growth), reducing maintenance costs in offshore platforms and desalination plants. It is physically stronger than 316 Stainless Steel and lighter than Copper-Nickel. Chemical Composition (%) Aluminum8.5 - 9.5 Nickel4.0 - 5.0 Iron3.5 - 4.5 Copper79.0 Min Manganese0.8 - 1.5 Silicon0.1 Mechanical Properties Heat TreatmentTQ50 (Temper Anneal) Yield Strength35 ksi [240 MPa] Tensile Strength85 ksi [585 MPa] Elongation20% Impact Energy~27 J @ RT Hardness~150 - 170 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.64 g/cm³ Melting Range1045 - 1060 °C Thermal Cond.36 W/m·K Specific Heat440 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.20 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus117 GPa Thermal Exp.16.2 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp260°C Marine Grade Al-Bronze Semi-Lug Butterfly Valve Ni-Al Bronze C95800 \| Seawater Corrosion Resistance \| Extended Stem Ultimate Marine Defense: C95800 Nickel-Aluminum Bronze offers superior resistance to seawater corrosion and bi-directional zero-leakage sealing. 100% Gauge Verification: Every valve's lug holes are inspected with certified go/no-go gauges to ensure precision alignment and fast installation. High-Torque Spiral Stem: Engineered with an extended spiral design to maximize torque output, ensuring reliable operation under heavy hydraulic loads. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN20 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product

Iron Alloys

The economical foundation of general utility piping. While lacking the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, Ductile and Cast Irons provide cost-effective and reliable solutions for waterworks, HVAC, and low-pressure industrial lines.

General Name	ASTM Standard	Grade	Type	Key Characteristics	Applications	Advantages	Disadvantages
Cast Iron	ASTM A126	Class B	Gray Iron	Low Cost, Vibration Damping, Brittle	General Utility: Low-pressure water, HVAC, drain lines, irrigation (non-shock service).	Lowest cost material; excellent vibration damping; easy to machine.	Brittle: Will crack under thermal shock or water hammer; strictly limited pressure ratings.
ASTM A126 Class B (Gray Iron) ASTM A126 Class B is the standard specification for Gray Iron castings used in valves and flanges. Its microstructure contains graphite flakes which provide excellent vibration damping capacity and machinability. However, it lacks ductility (it is brittle) and should not be used in systems subject to thermal shock, water hammer, or high pressure. It is the most economical choice for general-purpose HVAC and low-pressure water isolation valves where pipe stresses are minimal. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon3.20 - 3.40 Manganese0.60 - 0.90 Silicon1.80 - 2.30 P (Max)0.15 S (Max)0.12 Magnesium- IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield StrengthNot Defined (Brittle) Tensile Strength31 ksi [214 MPa] Elongation~0% Impact EnergyNegligible (Brittle) Hardness180 - 210 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.2 g/cm³ Melting Range1150 - 1200 °C Thermal Cond.46 W/m·K Specific Heat500 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.70 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus100 GPa Thermal Exp.11.0 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp200°C Standard Cast Iron (Gray Iron) valves for general utility are available as off-catalog items. Please contact sales directly for specifications and pricing.
Ductile Iron	ASTM A536	65-45-12	Nodular Iron	Toughness, Impact Resistance, Cost-Effective	Standard Industry: Waterworks, sewage, compressed air, general industrial piping (PN10/PN16).	Good ductility (won't shatter like Gray Iron); cost-effective for water/sewage.	Low corrosion resistance (relies on coating/lining); lower pressure rating than Carbon Steel.
ASTM A536 Grade 65-45-12 ASTM A536 Grade 65-45-12 is the premier Ductile Iron (also known as Spheroidal Graphite Iron) for valve manufacturing. Unlike gray iron, the graphite is in nodular form, which gives the metal "ductility"—the ability to bend without breaking. This grade offers a Yield Strength of 45,000 psi (similar to carbon steel) while maintaining the cost advantages of casting. It is the industry standard for Resilient Seated Butterfly Valve bodies, providing a safety factor against pipe misalignment and pressure surges. Chemical Composition (%) Carbon3.50 - 3.80 Manganese0.20 - 0.50 Silicon2.30 - 2.80 P (Max)0.05 S (Max)0.02 Magnesium0.03 - 0.06 IronBalance Mechanical Properties Yield Strength45 ksi [310 MPa] Tensile Strength65 ksi [448 MPa] Elongation12% Impact Energy~10-15 J @ RT Hardness160 - 200 HB Physical Properties (Typical Values) Density7.1 g/cm³ Melting Range1150 - 1200 °C Thermal Cond.36 W/m·K Specific Heat500 J/kg·K Elec. Resistivity0.60 μΩ·m Elastic Modulus170 GPa Thermal Exp.12.0 x 10^-6/K Rec. Max Temp350°C HP25 Series Ductile Iron Wafer Butterfly Valve ASTM A536 Ductile Iron \| PN25 High Pressure Rating \| Heavy-Duty Body Installation Efficiency: Integral precision-machined locating notches ensure rapid and accurate alignment with flange bolts for error-free installation. HP25 Rated Durability: Extra-thick ductile iron body surpasses standard Heavy-Body requirements, reliably supporting high-pressure applications up to PN25. Material Purity: Optimized metallurgy with high Manganese content and strictly controlled impurities (low P/S) guarantees superior mechanical strength. DN40~DN1200 PN6~PN25 ISO 9001:2015CE Bi-directional Zero Leakage MTC EN 3.1 View Product